"inform or misinform "........ That is the question Dear / or reader, talking about nuclear energy today is a necessary and useful. Failure to do so - in my capacity as popularizer scientific knowledge and my scope, and would be making the same mistake that those who intentionally misinform, because NO INFORM in a timely manner is also misinform. Disinformation meant to give you half-truths and distortions that have led a strong impact on public opinion. Or not looking, but not driving the right information, reviewing wrong ends on a very sensitive subject which is within the society. It was always hot and now harder for those opposed to romantically nuclear development for peaceful purposes. To understand what exactly the magnitude of Japan's nuclear power is not a matter only to assign a number rating of the event and agree on an international scale, but that we must understand the cause of what happened and not the effect, so it will not happen again. This means reviewing the safety criteria continuously, because they always can be improved since it was established that was not enough. It is essential to learn from what happened and of course, evaluate costs, benefits and risks. You have the right to have all the information as closely as possible to the truth and then have the freedom to draw conclusions and discuss them in their daily environment, but with solid arguments. The future of nuclear technology depends on how much teaching is done on the subject as state policy. If you explain to the public in an orderly and continuous, with enough depth to highlight the conceptual minimum features to interpret the differences between Mils Tree Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima, nuclear energy will then favored the disastrous earthquake, Tsunami and accident nuclear. But if it is not necessary and sufficient, then the prestige of nuclear activity is such that it will take decades to revalue its services as had been giving good today, and I'll be there for him. This I am sure. Although some countries no matter the political cost, stand firm with technology in Europe where 50% of diagnoses physicians are of nuclear, many others give up prematurely as easy prey for his political ambitions and overwhelmed by the activists who have so much press. Those political leaders and environmentalists who for thirty years consistently opposed nuclear development for peaceful purposes, today acknowledged that they were mistakes of youth. But it took thirty years to recognize their mistakes as I like a lone ranger trying to explain to my viewers of the "MATEANDO with science" that the worst pollution of humanity is the pollution INTELLECTUAL. It should be clear that an environmentalist is a politicized activist took the banner of ecology. This is not bad, but keep in mind that an activist is a social agitator is worse in personal benefits. This did not share other do not share my work because I was accused several times of a mercenary and ranted against my educational work because my style by some brain washed youth. This anti-nuclear spectrum, is always on the lookout for a counterattack, so the task is important popularizer. Dear, a nuclear reactor is a machine whose operating principle is simple otherwise could not have made the famous "Fermi's atomic pile in 1942" The origin is to control nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is when a heavy nucleus splits and releases a lot of fission fragments with kinetic energy, neutrons, alpha particles, beta radiation and electromagnetic spectrum. The alpha particles are slowed by hand, beta particles with a sheet of paper and gamma radiation and neutrons, with a good thickness of water or concrete and other materials. According to what we are interested in using this nuclear reaction, we can have in principle three nuclear reactors "produce radioisotopes for medicine and industry or to study the behavior of materials under radiation, using neutrons. "If I thaw routes, central heating or industrial processes use heat," If I want generate electricity on a large scale then the other circuit heat warms water to generate steam and then everything conventional to generate electricity for the grid. Although nuclear processes occur in milliseconds, but the control of the stability of these fission is possible because science possible to measure that, when a core part are over 2.5 neutrons are essential for fissions are self-sustaining by the neutrons themselves are produced as surplus. But the interesting thing is that these neutrons are not released all instantly, but some are retained in the fission fragments are released, on average-15 minutes then known as delayed neutrons. Thanks to these neutrons, the control rods, mechanically-stable equilibrium can be maintained in the reactor operating in a strict duty to control the fission. But why this is feasible? Today we know, the answer is simple: If for an equilibrium state of the reactor cores are fissionable billion, an infinitesimal moment after only 1,000 have fission cores to operate in what is called "critical" but this term has no nothing to do with what the populace accepted as CRITICAL CONDITION. If each nucleus fission neutrons released on average 2.5, it means that I remain 1,500 neutrons a substance the need to absorb. Hence the function of the control rods made of neutron absorbing materials and other structural materials that also absorb neutrons. Here we must emphasize a detail concept that all those not in the field and use the term moderate, misunderstood: The moderator does not moderate the operation of the reactor, only slows down the neutrons to promote the nuclear fission Uranio235 as to leave the fission fragments during fission, energy is so great that instead of interacting with the uranium 235 which is on a very small natural isotopic concentration, which is just 0.7% against the 99.27% \u200b\u200bof uranium 238 and the rest is uranium 234, this is long and in part is more likely to be captured by uranium 238 and uranium 239 becomes. After beta particle emission becomes neptunium-239 and then plutonium-239 with a half life of 25. 000 years. But do not be afraid of this because the naturally unstable and radioactive uranium has a half life of 4,700 million years. So its activity fell by half after about 4,700 million years and this allows us to date our planet earth. However, the word associated with plutonium-bombs news is that the word uranium. This is true as Fukushima happened in the earthquake and tsunami, which after a Grade 9 Richter scale earthquake and waves of 10 meters that devastated entire villages with 18,000 inhabitants and where 9,000 are missing, but the news for all was that a reactor had cooling problems and it was feared one second Chernobyl. Another issue to clarify is the word not to be confused with merge and melt. Nuclear fusion is when two light nuclei at very high crash energy and fuse leading to a heavier nucleus, releasing neutrons largely usable energy. While casting is to liquefy a substance from solid to liquid. Therefore in these reactors producing electricity for the network, the core heat produced particularly by the impact of fission fragments with each other at very high kinetic energy, is used with a water circuit that serves the dual function of cooling and moderate energy neutrons to make possible nuclear fission reactions as it was noted above. If the uranium that forms the nuclear fuel element pickup is as provided by nature (natural uranium) or low content of fissile material (0.7%) then the moderator must be very good. This means that neutron capture me so much so that I prevent the normal operation of reactor. In this case heavy water is used as the hydrogen constituent of water, which has a neutron more-so-called heavy water is not so eager to capture neutrons. Hydrogen physically speaking is called H1, H2, H3 that are giving rise to ordinary water, heavy water and tritiated water. As an exception, the H2 is called deuterium and tritium H3. A second water circuit, draws heat from the previous circuit called primary and secondary water turns to steam and then everything conventional to generate electricity. But returning to the first paragraph to say that a nuclear reactor is a machine for easy operation, I might add now in honor of the security that a nuclear reactor is a machine with the latest advanced technology to ensure that radiation dose to workers and the general public, is as low as reasonably possible. Hence, half the cost of a nuclear plant is due to security. If today is applied to the same airline security systems and the same requirements that apply to the nuclear industry would not fly a plane. Dear, I think it should stop here and the next note comes to the safety barriers and failures that led to the accidents mentioned and why the rankings given to that effect. I am at your disposal for extending some concept. Surely you'll read in these days as much about the radiation was drinking water, food, sea, etc. In truth there is to say that some fission products such as iodine 131 and cesium 137, which are radioactive, such doses were measured in such a place. And the authorities are ensuring the health of the population analyzed and proceed accordingly. I recall that the famous Mazzorin chickens were 4 Becquerel (Bq) per kg when the human being naturally has 7 Bq / kg. A Bq is one nuclear disintegration per second. European chickens were allowed to market with 300 Bq / kg and are the same values \u200b\u200bthat are allowed today. But reindeer meat was exported to 7.000Bq/kg and this was allowed, because the importer was not going to eat everyday foods with 7,000 Bq / kg. So the misinformation won the street and caused much damage and all types: economic, political, social, institutional and human, because they had not bought chickens Mazzorín nauseating. Only one of eight cold stores stopped and "what happened" did not enter the emergency equipment. The rest does not need explanation, just check newspapers of the time. By: Mr. Anthony Tersigni estrucplan.com.ar
